| Zoogeographic complexes, groups, and subgroups |
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| Boreal | ||||||
| 1. Holarctic |
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| 2. Transpalaearctic |
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| 3. Okhotsk |
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| Palaearctic | ||||||
| 4. Manchurian |
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| 5. Ussuri-Island |
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| 6. Island |
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| Kuril-Japanese |
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| Sakhalin-Kuril-Japanese |
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| Sakhalin-Kuril |
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| Kuril |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
